Protein import into plant mitochondria: signals, machinery, processing, and regulation

Protein import into mitochondria.

Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nuclear genome and thus have to be imported into mitochondria from the cytosol. Protein translocation across and into the mitochondrial membranes is a multistep process facilitated by the coordinated action of at least four specialized translocation systems in the outer and inner membranes of mitochondria. The outer membrane contains one general tr...

The protein import machinery of mitochondria.

The Protein Import Machinery of Mitochondria*

Most mitochondrial proteins are encoded by nuclear genes and then synthesized as precursors on cytosolic ribosomes after which they must be imported into the organelle. The mitochondrial membranes contain specific machineries (translocases) for recognition, translocation, and membrane insertion of precursor proteins. In recent years, important progress has been made in characterizing the molecu...

Mechanisms of Protein Import into Mitochondria Review

Apart from a handful of proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome, most proteins residing in this organelle are nuclear-encoded and synthesised in the cytosol. Thus, delivery of proteins to their final destination depends on a network of specialised import components that form at least four main translocation complexes. The import machinery ensures that proteins earmarked for the mitochondri...

Mechanisms of Protein Import into Mitochondria

Apart from a handful of proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome, most proteins residing in this organelle are nuclear-encoded and synthesised in the cytosol. Thus, delivery of proteins to their final destination depends on a network of specialised import components that form at least four main translocation complexes. The import machinery ensures that proteins earmarked for the mitochondri...